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http://www.etsu.edu/physics/etsuobs/starprty/22099dgl/planalign.htm
Planetary Alignments: Fact or Fiction?
It seems that every decade or so, humanity is warned by gloom-and-doom soothsayers that a planetary alignment will take place in the near future and cause havoc on the Earth. Of course, it is not astronomers that give these warnings, but instead, zealots (astrologers and psychics) who have very limited knowledge of the night sky or the solar system in general. Indeed, John Gribbin in the late 1970's wrote a book entitled The Jupiter Effect which predicted the end of the world would occur in 1983 due a once in a millennium planetary alignment. Of course, the world obviously did not end in 1983!
However, alignment can be used in two different ways for planets. The first way is typically what people first imagine when they hear the phrase planetary alignment, that is, if viewing the solar system from above (i.e., over the Sun's north pole), the planets form a straight line from the Sun outward. In this scenario as viewed from the Sun, the planet's would fall on top of one another on the sky (i.e., you would see the planet Mercury and all of the other planets would be hidden behind Mercury). This is the type of alignment that we will be discussing in this presentation.
The second type of alignment is one in which the planets follow a straight line traced out on the sky. Since the bright planets lie in virtually the same plane (i.e., their orbital planes all lie within a few degrees of the Earth's orbital plane), they will always appear to follow a straight line on the sky if you extend the line far enough. Indeed, we call this "straight line" the ecliptic (see below), which is represented as a great circle on the sky with the Earth at the center of this circle.
First of all, it is impossible for all the planets to form a straight line out from the Sun (or viewed superimposed on each other in the sky) because each planetary orbit is tilted slightly (and sometimes not slight at all in the case of Pluto) with respect to the Earth's orbit (whose plane we trace out on the night sky as a line completely around the sky and is called the ecliptic). These zealots confuse the term planetary alignment with the more accurate words that should be used, planetary configuration or a loose grouping of the planets in the sky. Actually the event that occurred in 1983 was that the planets (all eight of them -- we are on the ninth, Earth) would be within 96° of each other in the sky -- not in a straight line as most people would misinterpret with the term alignment. To have all of the planets on the same side of the Sun and virtually all within the same quadrant (i.e., 90°) happens approximately once every 200 years -- rare as far as humans are concerned, but not rare as far as the solar system is concerned.
The last series of planetary configurations or perhaps more accurately called multiple planetary conjunctions occurred in the year 2000. Did the Earth tilt over? No. Did tidal forces trigger earthquakes? No. Did the polar ice caps melt? No. Were you even be able to see the conjunctions? Not really.